EV batteries are impacted by extreme hot and cold temperatures, which can effect their performance and life.Where a warm/hot battery battery could hold a charge longer but could impact life.Whereas a cold battery would not hold a charge as long.
I understand, during charging there is heat gain. More with fast charging.
What is the ideal temperature for (Aperta’s) lithium-ion batteries 40-100 kWH packs ? 1) while in a garage/charging 2) operating temperature
Could routine normal charging vs rapid charging be optimal for battery life?
I imagine charging frequency and use power(%drain) might factor in too...
🤔I understand there was a 2015 “lizard” battery, which are more heat tolerant. Any experience on that technology? If any advantage...could certain lithium-ion batteries types be considered / offered for different climatic zones? Living in the SW... impact from heat would be my immediate question, but I also do cross country travel in the winter months. I don’t own an EV vehicle so I am not sure what manufacturers out there are recommending and what people are actually realizing.
LiFePO battery chemistry seems most promising so far from what I have seen. I have also seen batteries that have built in heaters to help keep them from getting too cold.
They should use heatpumps to manage battery temperature and probably motor temperature and cabin temperature as well. For heating, they are about 3x as efficient as resistive and for cooling it’s the only efficient way to cool below ambient temperatures. The big deal is they don’t really care what the heat sink temperature is as long as it’s between around -10F and 120F. That’s why Tesla is moving to heat pumps in all of their vehicles. Move heat/cold from one place to another with high efficiency. In New England, Maine in my case, I assume I will be plugging in every night from about October until April, mostly to keep batteries at an optimal temperature. Also, a well insulated battery box will be helpful in both hot and cold climates.
aptera mentioned to look into integrating cooling into the skin of the car. Sounds very interesting but also complicated and expensive. Also the sun shines from the top and to the side warming / heating those parts.
The natural location for a cooling system is the underbelly of the car where the battery will be located anyway.
I would look into an exposed active heat sink in the underbelly of the car. Which could form part of the battery pack. This would give you an easy install and service of the battery pack including cooling.
Another solution is heat pipes, which are passive and will work to heat or cool the batteries. Although, since the motors are liquid cooled, my guess is that the batteries will be too. If the heat is being dissipated on the bottom of the car, it will have to somehow conduct through the insulative shell without compromising the structural integrity. One solution would be a graphene-lined aluminum plate or oscillating heat pipe recessed into the composite shell to maintain aerodynamics, and heat pipes to bring the heat through the shell through several small homes in the composite shell. Heat pipes can be very inexpensive in quantity, with thermal conductivities >1000X that of copper.
I work in Minneapolis and can choose which ramp to park in. One outside on the roof and another underground and heated.
At what point does leaving it in the sun and cold w/full solar worse than just leaving it in a heated garage?
The lizard battery was still very poor in the HEAT. I know many people with them and they fail just as fast as the original battery pack. An electric vehicle needs liquid cooling. Tesla and Chevy do it best.
I I live in Chandler Arizona. The LEAF batteries are all still failing very fast. The new lizard are just as bad. They refuse to add Battery Thermal Protection with liquid cooling. The KIA SOUL Had air cooling and all 10 I tracked down had failed.
A lithium battery in a COLD or HOT area needs Batterty Thermal Control.
Thank you. Nice to hear
My family has 3 EVs at the moment, and we had 2 others previously. My extended family has had a total of 12 EVs since 2012. We have had 4 Leafs, 2 i MiEVs, 2 e-Golfs, 2 Bolt EVs, 1 i3 REx, and 1 Smart EQ.
Most / all of them had heating in the pack - it is a must for cold winters - we live in New England. And a few have active cooling, and the Chevy Bolt EV has liquid cooling. Cars go through extensive testing, and that includes temperature extremes.